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Present continuous tense (Thì Hiện tại tiếp diễn)

Structure (Cấu trúc)

Cấu trúcVí dụ
Câu khẳng địnhS + am/is/are + V-ingHe’s thinking about leaving his job.
Câu phủ địnhS + am/is/are not + V-ingI’m not looking. My eyes are closed tightly.
Câu nghi vấn sử dụng trợ động từAm/ Is/ Are + S + V-ing?
Yes, S + am/is/are.
No, S + am/is/are + not.
Is Emma cooking?
Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
Câu nghi vấn bắt đầu bằng từ để hỏi Wh- Wh- + am/ are/ is (not) + S + V-ing?Who is Kate talking to on the phone?

Usage (Cách sử dụng)

Cách sử dụngVí dụ
Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nóiLook, somebody is trying to steal that man's wallet.
Diễn tả một hành động hoặc sự việc nói chung đang diễn ra nhưng không nhất thiết phải thực sự diễn ra ngay lúc nóiThey're considering making an appeal against the judgment.
Diễn tả một hành động sắp xảy ra trong tương lai gần, thường diễn tả một kế hoạch đã lên lịch sẵnWe are having a special dinner at a top restaurant for all the senior managers.
Diễn tả hành động thường xuyên lặp đi lặp lại gây ra sự bực mình hay khó chịu cho người nói. Cách dùng này được dùng với trạng từ “always, continually”He is always coming late.

Sign (Dấu hiệu nhận biết)

Thì Hiện tại tiếp diễn có thể được nhận biết thông qua:

  • Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian như: now, at the moment, at present…
  • Một số động từ như: Look! Watch! Listen! Watch out!..

Xem thêm tổng hợp các thì tiếng Anh:
https://ielts-fighter.com/tin-tuc/cac-thi-trong-tieng-anh-co-ban_mt1560426092.html
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Present simple tense (Thì Hiện tại đơn)

Structure (Cấu trúc)

Cấu trúcVí dụ
Câu khẳng địnhI/You/We/They + V
He/She/It + V(s/es)
She works in a hospital.
Câu phủ địnhI/You/We/They + don’t (do not) + V
He/She/It + doesn’t (does not) + V
She doesn’t work in a museum.
Câu nghi vấn sử dụng trợ động từDo I/you/we/they + V? / Does he/she/it + V?
Yes, I/you/we/they do. / Yes, he/she/it does.
No, I/you/we/they don’t. /No, he/she/it doesn’t.
Do you work in a hospital?
Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
Câu nghi vấn bắt đầu bằng từ để hỏi Wh- Wh- + do/does (not) + S + V?Where do you come from?
What does she mean?
Lưu ý khi chia động từ ở thì Hiện tại đơn với chủ ngữ số ít:

  • Với các từ có tận cùng là “o”, “ch”, “sh”, “x”, “s”, ta thêm đuôi “es”
Ví dụ: go – goes; do – does; watch – watches; fix – fixes, miss – misses, wash – washes…

  • Với các từ có tận cùng là “y”, ta bỏ “y” và thêm đuôi “ies”
Ví dụ: copy – copies; study – studies…

  • Với các từ còn lại, ta thêm đuôi “s”.
Ví dụ: see – sees; play – plays…

  • Động từ bất quy tắc: have - has

Usage (Cách sử dụng)

Cách sử dụngVí dụ
Diễn tả một thói quen hoặc hành động lặp đi lặp lại trong hiện tạiI usually get up at 6 a.m.
Diễn tả một chân lý, sự thật hiển nhiênThe Earth moves around the Sun.
Nói về một lịch trình có sẵn, chương trình, kế hoạch đã có thời gian biểu cố địnhThe plane lands at 10 a.m. tomorrow.
Sử dụng trong câu điều kiện loại IWhat will you do if you fail your interview?

Sign (Dấu hiệu nhận biết)

Thì Hiện tại đơn có thể được nhận biết thông qua các trạng từ chỉ tần suất như: always, constantly, usually, frequently, often, occasionally, sometimes, seldom, rarely, every day/ week/month...
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Suggest là cấu trúc thường gặp trong tiếng Anh đi với V-ing hay đi với mệnh đề...Hãy tìm hiểu chi tiết công thức và ví dụ dưới đây để hiểu nhé.

Suggest mang nghĩa “gợi ý, đề nghị” hoặc “ám chỉ” điều gì đó. Cấu trúc suggest được dùng khi chúng ta muốn đề cập đến một ý tưởng, đề nghị, lời khuyên hoặc hành động để người khác xem xét trong những tình huống cụ thể.

4 cấu trúc với Suggest phổ biến

1. suggest với V-ing

Cấu trúc này được sử dụng khi chúng ta muốn đề xuất một hành động trong tình huống chung chung, nhấn mạnh vào hành động được đề xuất và không nhắc đến hay ám chỉ một người cụ thể thực hiện hành động đó.

S + suggest + V-ing

Ví dụ:

- She suggests eating out today. (Cô ấy đề nghị đi ăn hôm nay.)

- Since it has been raining all week, I suggest cancelling the singing competition. (Vì trời mưa đã cả tuần, tôi đề nghị hủy cuộc thi hát.)


2. suggest với danh từ

Cấu trúc này được sử dụng khi chúng ta muốn đề xuất một ý tưởng cho một ai đó. Đối tượng được nhận lời gợi ý có thể được nhắc đến hoặc không.

S + suggest + N/ N phrase (to sb)

Ví dụ:

- I suggest a tour of the museum to your Japanese friends. (Tôi đề xuất một chuyến tham quan bảo tàng cho những người bạn Nhật Bản của bạn.)

- May I suggest a white wine with this dish, Sir? (Tôi có thể gợi ý một loại rượu vang trắng với món ăn này không, thưa ông?)


3. suggest với mệnh đề

Cấu trúc này được sử dụng khi chúng ta muốn gợi ý hay khuyên nhủ thẳng thắn với một hoặc nhiều đối tượng cụ thể. Động từ trong mệnh đề sau suggest luôn được sử dụng dưới dạng nguyên thể không “to”.

S1 + suggest (that) + S2 + V-inf

Ví dụ:

- The doctor suggested that Anna eat less junk food and do more exercise. (Bác sĩ khuyên rằng Anna ăn ít đồ ăn vặt và tập thể dục nhiều hơn.)

- At this moment, I suggest we take a short break. (Vào lúc này, tôi đề nghị chúng ta nên nghỉ ngơi một chút.)


4. suggest với từ để hỏi

Cấu trúc này được sử dụng khi muốn câu mang hàm nghĩa gợi ý hành động nên được ai thực hiện, thực hiện như thế nào, ở đâu…

S1 + suggest + wh-question word + S2 + V

Ví dụ:

- These pieces of information link up to suggest who the thief was. (Những phần thông tin này liên kết với nhau để gợi ý ai là kẻ trộm.)

- Could you suggest where I should buy furniture? (Bạn có thể gợi ý nơi tôi nên mua đồ nội thất không?)


BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG

Chọn đáp án phù hợp nhất để hoàn thành các câu sau.

1. I suggest that we ………………… a break and go for a walk.

A. take

B. took

C. taking

2. My friend suggested ………………… some milk with bread for breakfast.

A. Ø

B. have

C. to have

3. Could you suggest what I ………………… to the company’s year-end party?

A. wear

B. to wear

C. should wear

4. My husband suggested ………………… an umbrella in case it rains.

A. bring

B. bringing

C. to bring

5. Her doctor suggests that she ………………… her working hours and ………………… more exercises.

A. reduce; take

B. reduces; takes

C. reducing; taking

-> Đáp án: A - A - C - B - A.

Trên đây là kiến thức cau truc suggest quan trọng, các bạn nhớ kỹ để sử dụng chuẩn hơn nhé.
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Cấu trúc Suggest - Cách dùng, ví dụ chi tiết
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0. Type 0:Câu điều kiện có thật ở hiện tại

If clauseMain clause
If + S + V1 / V s(es)
(Nếu có not thì mượn trợ động từ: don’t / doesn’t + Vo)
S + V1 / V s(es)
(Nếu có not thì mượn trợ động từ: don’t / doesn’t + Vo)
1. Type 1:Câu điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai

If clauseMain clause
If + S + V1 / V s(es),
(Nếu có not thì mượn trợ động từ: don’t / doesn’t + Vo)

S + will / can/ may + Vo
(won’t / can’t + Vo)

SHOULD + S + Vo,
Notes: If + S + V1 / V s(es), Vo / don’t Vo.

(If this Hitachi air compressor doesn’t work, call my company 0914-304-112. Hitachi air compressor: máy nén khí Hitachi)

Vo / Don’t Vo if + S + V1 / V s(es)

(Call my company 0914-304-112 if this Hitachi air compressor doesn’t work.

2. Type 2:Câu điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại

If clauseMain clause
If + S + V2/ed
(Nếu có not thì mượn trợ động từ: didn’t + Vo)
To be: were / weren’t



S + would / could / might + Vo
(wouldn’t / couldn’t + Vo)
WERE + S + …., (ĐẢO were khi câu có to BE)
WERE + S + to V….,
(MƯỢN were khi câu có V thường)
If it were not for/ WERE + it + not + for /But for/Without….+ N,


3. Type 3:
Câu điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ

If clauseMain clause
If + S + had + V3/Ved
(Nếu có not thì thêm not sau had: hadn’t + V3/Ved)

S + would / could / might + have + V3/Ved
(wouldn’t / couldn’t + have + V3/Ved)
Had + S + (not) + V3/Ved
If it had not been for/Had + it + not + BEEN + for /But for/Without….+ N,


4. Type 4 (3+2) (Mixed conditional):


If + S + had + V3/Ved (yesterday, last, ago),S would (not) Vo (now, today, this morning)
If+ S + V2/didn’t V (now, today),S would have (not) V3/Ved (yesterday, last, ago).


If Clause
Main Clause
Usage
If 0S + V1S + V1Diễn tả sự thật hiển nhiên luôn đúng
If 1
S + V1S + can / will + Vo
Vo…….(please)
Don’t Vo……
có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại/ tương lai
If 2S + V2S + would/ could + Votrái với hiện tại
If 3
S + had V3S + would /could (not) + have V3trái với quá khứ
If 4S + had V3S + would/ could + Vodiễn tả một việc đã làm trong QK nhưng kết quả ở hiện tại (yesterday, last, ago), (now, this morning, today)
INVERSION (ĐẢO NGỮ)
If 1Should + S (not) +Vo..., S + will Vo
If2V tobe: wereWere + S (not) ........, S + would V0
V thườngWere + S (not) + To Vo …, S + would V0…
If 3Had + S (not) + V3, S + would have V3..
If 4Had + S (not) + V3, S + would V0.
Notes:

1. SOME OTHER CASES:


CONJUNCTIONS
MEANINGS
EXAMPLES
If … not = unlessnếu … không (MĐ IF)- If you do not study harder, you will get low grade.
= Unless you study harder, you will get low grade.
- If he is not here, you can leave.
= Unless he is here, you can leave.
or, or else, otherwisenếu không thì (MĐ Chính)- Go out now or I will call the police
= Go out now, otherwise I will call the police
in casetrong trường hợp, phòng khi (MĐ IF)- You should bring the umbrella in case it rains.
provided / providing (that) / as long asmiễn là (MĐ IF)- You can camp here provided you leave no mess.
suppose/supposing thatGiả sử là (MĐ IF)Supposing that you had a lot of money, what would you do?
on condition thatVới điều kiện là (MĐ IF)On condition that you pay it back tomorrow, I will lend you the book.
*NOTE: - Không chia “will” trong mệnh đề If, không có “not” trong mệnh đề unless .

2.
AS IF / AS THOUGH:

TYPES
FORMS
1. Unreal in the PresentS + V (present) + as if + S + V2/ ed
2. Unreal in the Past S + V (past) + as if + S + had V3/ ed
Ex: 1. He acts as though he were rich. (He is not rich)

2. Betty talked about the contest as if she had won the grand prize. (She didn’t win the grand prize)

3. WISH / IF ONLY

TYPES
FORMS
1. Future wishS + WISH + S would / could + Vo
2. Present WishS + WISH + S + V2/ed (past subjunctive)
3. Past wishS + WISH + S + had V3/ed (could have V3/ed )
Ex: 1. I wish I could be an astronaut in the future.

2. I wish I were rich. (I am poor now)

3. She wishes she hadn’t failed her exam last year. (She failed her exam last year.)

4. BUT FOR/ WITHOUT

But for/ Without + N
= If it weren’t for + N
= If it hadn’t been for + N

S + would / could + Vo (if 2)
S + would / could + have + V3/ ed (if 3)


REWRITE

B1
: xác định loại If

+ nếu câu đề có OR/ AND à loại 1, Hiện tại à Loại 2, Quá Khứ à loại 3, HT + QK -> loại 4

B2: Xác định mệnh đề IF để viết trước

+ If là mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân (sau because, trước chữ so, mệnh đề/câu 1…)

+ phủ định à khẳng định và ngược lại (any à some, some à any)

Phủ định NOT + ANY, Khẳng định đi với SOME



If Clause
Main Clause
Usage
If 0S + V1S + V1Diễn tả sự thật hiển nhiên luôn đúng
If 1
S + V1S + can / will + Vo
Vo…….(please)
Don’t Vo……
có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại/ tương lai
If 2S + V2S + would/ could + Votrái với hiện tại
If 3
S + had V3S + would /could (not) + have V3trái với quá khứ
If 4S + had V3S + would/ could + Vodiễn tả một việc đã làm trong QK nhưng kết quả ở hiện tại (yesterday, last, ago), (now, this morning, today)
Exercise 1: Give the corect form of verbs.

  • If they don’t call you, (not, come) ____don’t come____ there.
  • If it (not, rain) ___doesn’t rain____, I will come to see you.
  • I (drive) ____would drive____ to work if I had a car.
  • If the weather (be) ______is____ good, we will have lunch outside.
  • Bring him another if he (not/like) ___does not like___this one.
  • Suppose (If) they had offered her a job, do you think she (take) _____would have taken______?
  • Had she not been ill yesterday, she (go) ____would go____ to work now.
  • Should there be any changes in the timetable, _____don’t forget___ (not, forget) to ring me up.
  • If the company offers me a job, I think I (take) ______will take____ it.
  • Many people would be out of work if that factory (close) ____closed____ down.
  • If you finish before 4: 30, I (come) ______will come____ and pick you up.
  • If he had listened to me, he (not, fail) ______wouldn’t have failed____ in the exam.
  • If I (know) ____had known_____ about the job, I would have applied for it.
  • If I (realize) ___had realized____ that Greg wanted to get up early, I would have woken him up.
  • If you had had breakfast, you (not be) ___wouldn’t be____ hungry now.
  • What will we do if the taxi______doesn’t come____ (not, come).
  • ____Were you to drive___ (you, drive) more carefully, you would not cause so many accidents.
  • If I had taken his advice, I _____would be____ (be) rich now.
  • If he had been more careful, he_____wouldn’t have had___ an accident. (not, have).
  • 20. She wouldn’t have left him _____had he not treated_____(he, not treat) her so badly.
INVERSION (ĐẢO NGỮ)
If 1Should + S (not) +Vo..., S + will Vo
If2V tobe: wereWere + S (not) ........, S + would V0
V thườngWere + S (not) + To Vo …, S + would V0…
If 3Had + S (not) + V3, . S + would have V3..
If 4Had + S (not) + V3, S + would V0.
  • She wouldn’t have left him _____had he not treated_____(he, not treat) her so badly.
  • (not be, I) ______Had I not been______busy yesterday, I would have visited you.
  • (we/invest)____Had we invested_____ in telecommunication industry, we would be rich by now.
  • (I/pay) ____Had I paid_____ more attention in French classes when I was at school, I would understand what that man is saying. (If 4)
  • (the drought/not lower)___Had the drought not lowered____ the reservoir, the ancient village wouldn't have been discovered. (If 3)
  • (it/not be) __Had it not been__ for his assistance in those days, I would not be so successful now. (If 4)
  • (you/have) ____Should you have____ any problem with merchandise, contact your local dealer. (If 1)
  • George wouldn't have met Mary (he/go) ____had he gone_____ to his brother's graduation party. (If 3)
  • (any employee/be) ill ____Should any employee be_____, they must call the office to inform their head of department. (If 1)
  • (you/offer)___Were you offered___ that job, would you have to move to another city? (If 2) PASSIVE
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RELATIVE CLAUSES – MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ TRONG TIẾNG ANH

I/ DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE

  • A/RELATIVE PRONOUNS
  • Person
  • Thing/Animal
  • Subject
  • who/that
  • which/that
  • Ex: I asked a policeman. He wasn’t very helpful.
  • -> I asked a policeman who wasn’t very helpful.
  • (who + verb)
  • Ex: They built a wall. It fell down after 3 weeks.
  • -> They built a wall which fell down after 3 weeks.
  • (which + verb)
  • Object
  • whom/that
  • which/that
  • Ex: The man didn’t come back again. I told him a lie.
  • ->The man whom I told a lie didn’t come back again.
  • (whom + S)
  • Ex: I enjoy the music. I often listen to it after dinner.
  • -> I enjoy the music which I often listen to after dinner.
  • (which + S)
  • Possessive
  • whose
  • whose
  • Ex: The girl has a good voice. I never remember her name.
->The girl whose name I never
(whose + N)
remember has a good voice.
Ex: I found an air compressor. Its fans were broken. (Tôi thấy một cái máy nén khí . Cái quạt của nó bị gãy.)
  • -> I found an air compressor whose fans were broken. (Tôi thấy một cái máy nén khí cái có cái quạt bị gãy.)
  • (whose + N)


  • B/ RELATIVE ADVERBS
  • Time
  • Place
  • Reason
  • when
  • where
  • why
  • Ex: The day was rainy.
  • She left on that day.
  • -> The day when she left was rainy.
  • Ex: The house is very old.
  • He lives in that house.
  • ->The house where he lives is very old.
  • Ex: I don’t know the reason. She left for that reason.
-> I don’t know
the reason why she left.
* NOTES:

RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND RELATIVE ADVERBS


1. ….. Nngười + WHO + V + ……

2. …... Nngười + (prep) + (WHO/WHOM) + S + V + …..

3. ……Nvật + (prep) + WHICH + ……

4. …… N1 + WHOSE / OF WHICH+ N2 + ….. (N2 là của N1 )

5. …… Nthời gian + WHEN + ………. (WHEN = in/on/at… + WHICH.) TRẠNG TỪ QH (Relative Adverbs)

6. …… Nnơi chốn + WHERE + ………. (WHERE = in/on/at… + WHICH.) TRẠNG TỪ QH (Relative Adverbs)

7. …… REASON lý do + WHY + ………. (WHY = FOR + WHICH) TRẠNG TỪ QH (Relative Adverbs)

8. THAT có thể thay thế cho WHO, WHOM hoặc WHICH trong MĐQH xác định. Do đó, trong trường hợp này thì trước THAT không có giới từ, không có danh từ riêng, không có dấu phẩy.

9. Khi Whom, Which, That làm OBJECT và không có giới từ liền trước thì mệnh đề có thể BỎ Whom, Which, That

N + whom / which/ that (O) + SV
OMISSION OF RELATIVE PRONOUNS: (lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ)

Ex:
The man whom/ that you met yesterday is my uncle.

à The man you met yesterday is my uncle.

The song which we like to listen to is interesting.

à The song we like to listen to is interesting.

10……. DÙNG “THAT” VÀ KHÔNG ĐƯỢC DÙNG “THAT” TRONG CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP SAU:

MUST
MUSTN’T
- Người + vật (the man and his dog) + THAT
- IT + BE +..... + THAT
- Sau giới từ (in, on, with, to…) + WHOM/WHICH
- Trong mệnh đề quan hệ có dấu phẩy. (Non-defining relative clauses)


II/ NON-DEFINING AND DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES:

Defining relative clauses
: là mệnh đề quan hệ xác định/ giới hạn.

Ex:
The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle.

Non-defining relative clauses: là mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định/ không giới hạn thường bắt đầu bằng dấu phẩy.

Ex: That man, whom you saw yesterday, is Mr. Pike.

Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn được sử dụng khi có từ xác định:

- TÊN RIÊNG: Mary, whose sister I know, has won an Oscar.

TÊN RIÊNG, TÊN bệnh (cancer, meals,…), TÊN học (geology, geography, maths, geometry,…), TÊN môn thể thao (swimming, football, soccer, volleyball, …), TÊN mạng xã hội (facebook, twitter,…),


  • - TÍNH TỪ SỞ HỮU: Do you know my son, who had an operation last night?
  • - CÓ this / that / these / those: Please post these letters, which I wrote this morning.
  • Mệnh đề quan hệ bổ nghĩa cả câu
Ex: a) He offered to help me. This was very kind of him.

He offered to help me, which was very kind of him.

b) Jim passed his driving test. This surprised everybody.

  • Jim passed his driving test, which surprised everybody.
5. all/none/few… of them à ,all/none/few… of which/whom


REWRITE:

B1:
Xác định 2 đối tượng quan hệ (cùng chỉ về 1 người/vật) trong 2 câu

B2: Viết câu đến đối tượng 1 (* Chú ý 4 trường hợp dấu phẩy và whose + N), dùng who/whom/which/that/whose/where/when/why thay đối tượng 2.

B3: Viết câu đối tượng 2 rồi hoàn thành câu đối tượng 1.

* Chú ý 4 trường hợp dấu phẩy và whose + N



PRACTICE

  • Exercise. Choose A,B,C,D
  • (QG 2019) Fairy tales present real problems in a fantasy form _____ children are able to understand.
  • A. where B. why C. that D. who
  • (QG 2018) In Atlanta, in the US, this has even led to thunderstorms ____ occur in the morning rather than, as is more common, in the afternoon.
  • A. when B. which C. what D. where
  • (QG 2018) Employers will generally look favorably on people ____ have shown an ability to work as part of a team.
  • A. which B. what C. whose D. who
  • (QG 2017) Reading them can, undoubtedly, help students develop the skills ____ are necessary to read more challenging works.
  • A. where B. that C. who D. when
  • (QG 2017) Today's world is entirely different from the things ____ have just been described.
  • A. when B. that C. what D. where
  • (QG 2017) This no doubt explains the reason ____ schoolboys remember football results effortlessly but struggle with dates from their history lessons!
  • A. why B. what C. how D. which
  • (MH 2017) He passed the exams with high scores, that made his parents happy. A B C D
  • (QG 2016) The science of medicine, which progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all sciences. A B C D
  • (QG 2016) This results in a situation ____ a person’s body doesn’t get all the vitamins and other things that it needs to stay healthy.
  • A. what B. which C. why D. where
  • (QG 2015) The receptionist, ______ answered the phone, told me that the director was out.
  • A. whose B. whom C. who D. that
  • (DH 2014-A1) A good night's sleep is also crucial for teenagers because it is while they are asleep ____ they release a hormone that is essential for their 'growth spurt' .
A. where B. that C. which D. at which

  • (CD 2014) I always look back on the time where I spent with my family on a farm in California. A B C D
  • (DH 2013-D) The Lake District, _____ was made a national park in 1951, attracts a large number of tourists
every year.

A. that B. where C. what D. which

(DH 2013-A1) Her mother, ______ has been working for thirty years, is retiring next month.

A. who B. that C. whom D. whose

  • (DH 2013-A1) I like the fresh air and green trees of the village which I spent my vacation last year.
  • (CD 2013) One of the greatest, and certainly one of the most successful, illustrator-authors was Dr. Seuss, ____ real name was Theodor Geisel.
A. whose B. who’s C. who D. whom

(CD 2013) He went back to the town ______ he was born.

A. where B. what C. which D. that

(CD 2013) He works in the same office with two women. They are very beautiful and tactful.

A. The two women’s beauty and tact explain why he wants to work at their office.

B. He works in the same office with two women who are very beautiful and tactful.

C. The offices where he and the two very beautiful and tactful women work are the same.

D. Working in the same office with the two beautiful women makes him very tactful.

  • (CD 2009) The woman of whom the red car is parked in front of the bank is a famous pop star. A B C D
  • (CD 2009) Tears contain an antiseptic ______ helps protect our eyes from infection.
A. that B. where C. how D. what

  • (CD 2008) The British national anthem, calling “God Save the Queen”, was a traditional song in the 18th century.
  • (CD 2008) He arrived late, ______ was annoying.
A. it B. that C. what D. which

(CD 2007) John Smith is a farmer. I bought his land.

A. John Smith, whose land I bought, is a farmer. B. John Smith, whom I bought his land, is a farmer.

C. John Smith, who is a farmer, bought his land. D. John Smith, who is a farmer, whose land I bought.

REWRITE:

B1:
Xác định 2 đối tượng quan hệ (cùng chỉ về 1 người/vật) trong 2 câu

B2: Viết câu đến đối tượng 1, (* Chú ý 4 trường hợp dấu phẩy và whose + N ) dùng who/whom/which/that/whose/where/when/why thay đối tượng 2.

B3: Viết câu đối tượng 2 rồi hoàn thành câu đối tượng 1.

  • * Chú ý 4 trường hợp dấu phẩy và whose + N
Exercise 3: Combine sentences by using relative pronouns: who, whom, which, whose

  • The book was written by Mark Twain. I borrowed the book from Tom.
  • The Smiths were given rooms in the hotel. Their house had been destroyed in the explosion.
  • My uncle is very interested in science. You met him at the meeting last Sunday.
  • My father saw the whole thing. You can rely on his words.
  • à My father, WHOSE words you can rely on, saw the whole thing.
  • Elizabeth Taylor is a Hollywood actress. She acted in the film “Cleopatra”.
  • Julia’s father has just come back from a skiing holiday. He is over 80.
  • She was greatly influenced by her father. She adored him very much.
  • We went to the Riverside Restaurant. I once had lunch with Henry there. (where/AT WHICH)
  • Romeo and Juliet were lovers. Their parents hated each other.
  • Has anyone seen the book? I was reading it.
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PASSIVE VOICE: BỊ ĐỘNG TRONG TIẾNG ANH (BE V3)

Form:

1. am/is/are/was/were V3

2. am/is/are/was/were BEING V3

3. have/has / had + (just) BEEN V3

4. will/ can/must/ shall/ may/might (not) + BE + V3



1. SIMPLE
2. CONTINUOUS
V/Vs_esam/is/are + V3_edam/is/are Vingam/is/are BEING + V3_ed
V2_edwas/were + V3_edwas/were Vingwas/were BEING + V3_ed


3. PERFECT
4. MODAL
has/have V3_edhas/have BEEN +V3_edwill/can/would Vwill/can/would BE +V3
had V3_edhad BEEN +V3_edought to/used to Vought to/used to BE+ V3


Active: SVO

Passive: OVbyS (V=BE V3)

Quy tắc chuyển sang câu bị động:


1. Xác định S, V, O ở câu chủ động.

2. Lấy tân ngữ (O) của câu chủ động về làm chủ ngữ (S) của câu bị động.

OMeYouUsThemHimHerIt
SIYouWeTheyHeSheIt
3. Xem động từ chính của câu chủ động chia ở thì nào thì chia động từ to be ở câu bị động thì đó và biến đổi động từ chính của câu chủ động về dạng V3 ở câu bị động

4. Lấy (S) của câu chủ động về làm (O) của câu bị động và viết giới từ by ở đằng trước bổ tức từ đó.

Cấu trúc : Chủ động : S V O

Bị động : S ( BY + O)

( BE + V3)

1. My company has bought that Hitachi air compressor. (Công ty tôi vừa mua máy nén khí Hitachi đó)

S V O

---- That Hitachi air compressor has been bought by my company.

2. Nam is asking me a lot of questions.

S V O

---- I am being asked a lot of questions by Nam.

3. I have just sent him a letter.

He has just been sent a letter.

A letter has just been sent TO him.

Notes: thời gian luôn ở cuối câu à đặt (by +O) nằm trước trạng ngữ thời gian, sau trạng ngữ nơi chốn CHỐN NHÂN GIAN

Khi câu 2 O thì O vật lên thành S vật thì thêm giới từ TO…..

Ex: The boy hit the dog in the garden yesterday.


---- The dog was hit in the garden by the boy yesterday.
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13 TENSES – CÁC THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH

TENSES
Present Simple (HTĐ)
Vs/es
Past Simple (QKĐ)
V2/ed
Future Simple (TLĐ)
Will Vo
(+)
(+) S + V1(s/es) (+) S + V2/ed(+) S + will + V0
(-)
(-) S + do/does not + Vo(-) S + did not + V0(-) S + won’t + V0
(?)
(?) Do/does + S +Vo?(?) Did + S + V0...?(?) Will + S + V0...?
PASSIVE
AM/IS/ARE + V3WAS/WERE+ V3WILL BE + V3
USAGES
  • Thói quen ở hiện tại
  • He often drinks coffee in the morning.
  • Sự thật hiển nhiên
  • The sun rises in the East.
  • Lịch trình
  • The train to Hanoi leaves the station at 8 o’clock.
  • đã xảy ra và chấm dứt ở quá khứ
  • She met him 2 weeks ago.
  • Hai hành động liên tiếp trong quá khứ
  • They closed the door and then they left
  • xảy ra ở tương lai
  • Dự đoán theo suy nghĩ/ Quyết định tức thời
I think Lucy will pass the exam. She is hard-working.
“Ann is in the hospital.”
“Oh, really? I didn’t know. I will go and visit her.”
Lời hứa, đề nghị
I promise I will study better next semester
SIGNALS
-always, constantly
-often, usually, frequently
-sometimes, occasionally
-seldom, hardly ever, rarely, never
-every day/ week/ month, once/ twice/ 3 times a week
- S will Vo + when/until/as soon as/before + S+ V1(s/es)
He will leave as soon as he meets her
-yesterday,
- last night Sunday
- 3 days ago, long time ago,
- in 2000, last
- The last time + S+V2
- since + S+V2
Next week/Tomorrow
Someday/
Soon/In 2050
I promise/think/hope/expect
(that) S + will + V

Mệnh đề thời gian ở tương laià After /Until + S + V1/Vs,es /have_has V3

is/am/are going to + V

  • Dự định, kế hoạch
  • “Ann is in the hospital.”
  • Yes, I know. I’m going to visit her tomorrow.”
  • Dự đoán theo bằng chứng hiện tai
Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain.


TENSES
Present Continuous (HTTD)
Am/is/are Ving
Past Continuous (QKTD)
Was/were Ving
Future Continuous (TLTD)
Will be Ving
(+)
(+) S + is/am/are + V_ING(+) S + was/ were + Ving(+) S + will + be Ving
(-)
(-) S + is/am/are not + V_ING(-) S + was/ were not + Ving.(-) S + won’t + be Ving
(?)
(?) Is/am/are + S + V_ING..?(?) Was/ were + S + Ving?(?) Will + S + be Ving...?
PASSIVE
AM/IS/ARE + BEING V3WAS/WERE + BEING V3WILL BE + BEING V3
USAGES
  • đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói (He is sleeping now.)
  • Lời phàn nàn (always)
  • He is always asking me for money.
  • Sự thay đổi
  • Tom always walks to school but today he is riding a bike.
  • Kế hoạch (= be going to)
  • I’m going to college next year.
  • đang xảy ra tại 1 thời điểm xác đinh trong quá khứ
What were you doing at this time yesterday?
đang xảy ra thì bị xen ngang
When I came yesterday, he was sleeping.
  • Hai hành động song song tồn tại ở quá khứ
  • Yesterday, I was cooking while my sister was washing.
  • Đang xảy ra tại 1 thời điểm xác đinh trong tương lai
At this time tomorrow, I will be studying here.
Xu hướng tương lai
In the next 10 years, all Vietnamese people will be using mobile phone.
SIGNALS
- now, right now
at present, at the moment,
always (để phàn nàn)
- Look ! , Listen !
-at this time/ at that time + time (last/ago/yesterday)
-7 o’clock yesterday
-when/ while/ as...
At 8.00/ At this time + time (next, tomorrow)
In the next 5 years, ...

TENSES
Present Perfect
(HTHT)

Have V3
Past Perfect
(QKHT)

Had V3
Future Perfect
(TLHT)

Will have V3
(+)
(+) S + have/ has + V3(+) S + had + V3S + will + have + V3
(-)
(-) S + have/ has not + V3(-) S + had + not + V3(-) S + won’t + have + V3
(?)
(?) Have/ has + S + V3...?(?) Had + S + V3 ...?(?) Will + S + have + V3
PASSIVE
have/ has been V3had been V3will have been V3
USAGES
vừa mới xảy ra, không đề cập rõ thời gian.
I have just seen a ghost.
kéo dài từ QK đến hiện tại
We’ve learned English for 5 years.
đã xảy ra, lặp lại một số lần
I have watched this film 4 times
xảy ra trước 1 thời điểm hoặc một hành động khác trong quá khứ
I had finished my research on air compressors by 8.00 last night.
(Mình đã hoàn thành nghiên cứu về máy nén khí trước 8.00 tối qua)
I had finished my research on air compressors before I went to bed. ((Mình đã hoàn thành nghiên cứu về máy nén khí trước 8.00 khi mình đi ngủ.)
xảy ra trước một hành động khác trong tương lai
I will have finished my homework before 8 o’clock.
SIGNALS
-already, lately, recently, up to now,
-ever, never, just, so far, until now, yet,
-How long, since SV2, for, not (never) ….before
-It is the first time/second time
-Once/twice/3,4 times
- In/Over the last/past..... years
Sau after, trước before,
After S had V3
Before
/by the time SV2
When, xảy ra trước quá khứ.
By/ before + Time (tương lai: next, tomorrow


TENSES
Present Perfect Continuous
(HTHTTD)

Have been Ving
Past Perfect Continuous
(QKHTTD)

Had been Ving
Future Perfect Continuous
(TLHTTD)

Will have been Ving
(+)
(+) S + have/ has + BEEN+Ving(+) S + had + BEEN+Ving+) S + will have + BEEN+Ving
(-)
(-) S + have/ has not + BEEN+Ving(-) S + hadn’t + BEEN + Ving(-) S + won’t have + BEEN +Ving
(?)
(?) Have/ has + S + BEEN +Ving?(?) Had + S + BEEN + Ving?(?) Will + S + have + BEEN + Ving?
PASSIVE
have/ has been BEING V3had been BEING V3will have been BEING V3
USAGES
GIỐNG HHHT NHƯNG
1. Nhấn mạnh thời gian kéo dài tới hiện tại

He has been waiting for her for 3 hours.
2. Nhấn mạnh hậu quả không mong muốn ở hiện tại
A: Your hand is durty.
B:I have been fixing my bike.
GIỐNG QKHT NHƯNG
1. Nhấn mạnh thời gian kéo dài trước một thời điểm QK

By the end of last month, he had been teaching here for 30 years.
2. Nhấn mạnh hậu quả không mong muốn ở QK
GIỐNG TLHT NHƯNG
Nhấn mạnh thời gian kéo dài trước một thời điểm TL

By the end of last month, he will have been teaching here for 30 years.
8 o’clock.
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer.

When I got to the station, John _________ ,and I didn’t see him.

A. left B. was leaving C. had left D. has left

When John _________ here tomorrow, I _________ you.

A. arrives/call B. will arrive/will call C. arrives/will call D. is arriving/will be calling

When you _________ here at this time tomorrow, I _________ the room up.

A. comes/will tidy B. come/will be tidying C. will come/will be tidying D. come/will have tidied

When you _________ here by this time tomorrow, I _________ the room up.

A. come/will have tidied B. come/will be tidying

C. will come/will have tidied D. are coming/have tidied

When it rains heavily, John usually _________ at home.

A. stay B. will stay C. stays D. will be staying

When it rained heavily, John usually _________ at home.

A. stays B. stayed C. was staying D. had stayed

When I got to the station, I _________ John.

A. met B. had met C. was meeting D. have met

When I got to the station, John _________ for me for 10 minutes.

A. has been waiting B. had been waiting C. was waiting D. is waiting

When I got to the station, John _________ in a coffee shop.

A. sat B. was sitting C. had sat D. is sitting

I _________ on the street when it rained.

A. was walking B. have been working C. had worked D. walked

John _________ anything since yesterday.

A. didn’t say B. hasn’t said C. has said D. said

In a few days, there _________ an important meeting.

A. will have B. is C. will be D. is having

How many questions _________ you _________ so far?

A. do/answer B. will/answer C. did/answer D. have/ answered

This is the best book I _________

A. have ever read it B. have ever read C. have readed D. read

That was the most interesting story I _________

A. have ever listened B. had ever listened C. had ever listened to D. listened to it

The police caught the thief who _________ John’s motorcycle.

A. had stolen B. had been stolen C. stole D. was stolen

When I looked out of the door, I found that my motorcycle _________

A. was stolen B. had been stolen C. has been stolen D. had stolen

This is the first time I _________ Hanoi.

A. visited B. am visiting C. have visited D. will visit

Right now, I _________ some help. What are you doing? Can you give me a hand?

A. am needing B. need C. will need D. have needed

Last night, while I _________ a letter, the phone _________

A. was writing/was ringing B. wrote/was ringing C. wrote/rang D. was writing/rang

At this time yesterday, Mr. and Mrs. Brown’s daughter _________ the floor.

A. were cleaning B. cleaned C. was cleaning D. had been cleaning

In two weeks, we _________ our vacation in Ha Long Bay.

A. have spent B. will have spent C. would have spent D. spent

In the last two weeks, we _________ our vacation in Ha Long Bay.

A. had spent B. have spent C. would have spent D. spent

Why _________ you always _________ with each other? I’m not pleased with you at all.

A. did/ argue B. have/ been arguing C. are/arguing D. do/argue

(QG 2020) Mary has been financially independent since she ______ to work.

A. went out B. will go out C. was going out D. would go out

(QG 2020) He won’t understand what the responsibilities of a father are ______.

A. until he has his first child B. after he had had his first child

C. as soon as he had his first child D. once he had his first child.

(QG 2020) You will not know who your true friend is ______.

A. after you had had trouble and needed help B. when you were having trouble and needing help

C. until you have trouble and need help D. as soon as you had trouble and needed help

(QG 2020) The air quality in this area has improved a lot since that factory ______.

A. was closing B. would close C. closed D. will close

(QG 2019) The teacher entered the room while the students______ their plan for the excursion.

A. discuss B. were discussing C. discussed D. are discussing

(QG 2019) Linda took great photos of butterflies while she ______ in the forest.

A. is hiking B. was hiking C. hiked D. had hiked

(QG 2019) She hurt herself while she ______ hide-and-seek with her friends.

A. was playing B. played C. is playing D. had played

  • (QG 2019) The children______ their kites in the field when it started to rain heavily.
  • A. are flying B. will fly C. would fly D. were flying
  • (QG 2019) The little boy took an instant liking to his baby sitter _______.
  • A. upon their first meeting B. before he first met her
  • C. prior to their first meeting D. as soon as he meets her
  • (QG 2019) _______, they got on well with each other.
  • A. To quarrel a lot like siblings at their age B. But most siblings at their age quarrel a lot
  • C. While most siblings at their age quarrel a lot D. For most siblings to quarrel a lot at their age
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LÙI THÌ – ĐỔI NGÔI – ĐỔI TRẠNG TỪ trong tiếng Anh


I. RULES LÙI THÌ – ĐỔI NGÔI – ĐỔI TRẠNG TỪ

Reported speech (Văn tường thuật): đổi từ câu nói trực tiếp (direct speech) sang gián tiếp (indirect speech).

ĐỔI NGÔI


  • Đổi ngôi của câu nói trực tiếp tùy thuộc vào chủ từ của câu tường thuật.
  • Ngôi thứ nhất: I, me, mine, myself, we, us, our, ourselves.
  • Ngôi thứ hai: you, you, your, yours, yourself, yourselves.
  • Ngôi thứ ba: he, she, it, they
  • *Không đổi thì đối với:
  • +Câu điều kiện loại II,III, Past perfect
  • ++Might, would, used to
  • +++ Động từ tường thuật là SAY/SAYS
II. TYPES

Có 3 loại reported speech: statement, request, question.

Có 3 loại reported speech: statement, request, question.

  • Statement
  • Thường dùng cấu trúc tường thuật tell S.O that……/ say that ……/ say to S.O that.
  • told S.O that……/ said that ……/ said to S.O that.
Ex: - She said to me, “They don’t know this Hitachi air compressor.” (Cô ấy nói với tôi: Họ không biết máy nén khí Hitachi này)

-> She told me that they didn’t know that Hitachi air compressor. (Cô ấy nói với tôi rằng không biết máy nén khí Hitachi đó)


  • - I said, “I have lost my job.”
  • -> I said that I had lost my job.”
  • - The man said, “I’ll be here tomorrow.”
  • -> The man said that he would be there the next day.

  • Request: (Please) Vo ……. / Don’t Vo……..
  • Thường dùng cấu trúc Ask /tell S.O (not) to do sth.”
  • “Asked /told S.O (not) to do sth.”
  • Ex: - The teacher said to us, “Don’t write your lessons in pencil.”
  • -> The teacher told us not to write our lessons in pencil.
  • - Helen said to me, “Please lend me your dictionary till 5 p.m tomorrow.”
  • -> Helen asked me to lend her my dictionary till 5 p.m the next day.

  • Question
  • Yes-No question
  • Thường dùng cấu trúc “Ask S.O /wonder …if/whether S V….”
  • Asked S.O / wondered… if/whether S V_lùi thìbỏ hình thức đảo ngữ trong câu hỏi.
  • Ex: - “Do you know her address, John?” I said.
  • -> I asked John whether he knew her address.
  • - “Are you on duty now?”, she asked me.
  • -> She asked me if I was on duty then.
  • Wh-- / How question
  • Thường dùng cấu trúc “Ask S.O /wonder ….wh- S V ……” ….”
  • Asked S.O / wondered …..wh--/ How S V_lùi thì” và bỏ hình thức đảo ngữ trong câu hỏi.

  • Ex: - The detective said, “Where did you go two weeks ago?”
  • -> The detective asked me where I had gone two weeks before.
  • - “How old are you?” the policeman said.
  • -> The policeman asked me how old I was.
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USED TO – BE (GET) USED TO

Used to + infinitive” dùng để diễn tả một thói quen ở quá khứ.

Ex: He used to swim when he was six.

Ở đây “used to” có nghĩa là “thường, đã từng”.

be (get) used to + Ving/Noun”: quen với, (trở nên quen với).

Ex: My mother is used to getting up early everyday.

He got used to walking five kilometers a day because he’s lost his bicycle.

Ex: Tom has got used to the cold weather since he came here.





S+ used to + bare inf. (thường/ đã từng)
be used to + V-ing/ noun (phrase) (quen với)
get used to + V-ing/ noun (phrase) (quen dần với)
be used for + V-ing / be used to + V (…được dùng để…)













SUBJECT
FORMS
MEANINGS
THINGBe used + to Vđược dùng để (dạng bị động)
PERSONUse + O + to Vdùng, sử dụng
Used to + Vođã từng (thói quen trong qk)
Be used to + V-ing
Get used to + V-ing
quen với
I/ Put in used to + infinitive , be/ get used to + V-ing or be used for Use the verbs in brackets.

When I was a child. I ………………………… (dream) of being an astronaut.

I’m terribly nervous. I ………………………… (not/ speak) to a large audience.

It took us ages to …………………………… (live) in an apartment house.

Lots of trains …………………………… (stop) here, but not many do now.

Didn’t Nick …………………………… (work) on a building site?

I’ll have an orange juice, please. I……………… (not/ drink) alcohol.

When Laura was at college, she ……………… (have) a picture of Elvis Presley on her bedroom wall.

There …………………………… (be) a cinema here but it was knocked down a few years ago.

When she arrived in Britain, she ………………… (not/ drive) on the left, but she soon got used to it.

I …………………………… (live) in Finland, but now I live in France.

I …………………………… (sit) at this desk. I sit here every day.

I ……………………… (sit) in the back of the classroom, but now I prefer to sit in the front row.

People …………………………… (believe) the earth was flat.

Trains …………………………… (be) the main means of cross-continental travel. Today, most people take airplanes for long-distance travel.

Ms. Stanton’s job requires her to travel extensively throughout the world. She …………………………… (travel) by plane.
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Trang cá nhân

“Đối với tôi, văn chương không phải là một cách đem đến cho người đọc sự thoát ly trong sự quên, trái lại văn chương là một thứ khí giới thanh cao và đắc lực mà chúng ta có, để vừa tố cáo vừa thay đổi một thế giới giả dối và tàn ác, vừa làm cho lòng người thêm trong sạch và phong phú hơn”.
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  1. Thích Văn Học @ Thích Văn Học:
    Hiện tại không có giá trị qui đổi gì em nhé
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